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The War of 1812
What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?
US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized.
Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe
France confiscated cargo from licensed ships
Impressment of American sailors
Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews.
British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy
What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?
Economic Diplomacy Fails
Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe
Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries
Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North
Economic Diplomacy Fails
Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe
Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries
Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North
Jefferson FarewellEnter James Madison
Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd term
Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State
Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51)
Considered the most important contributor to the Constitution
Also the shortest President
Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd term
Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State
Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51)
Considered the most important contributor to the Constitution
Also the shortest President
What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?
Non-Intercourse Act
Forbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions
Was this successful? Why or Why not
War Hawks
Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east
Why did the War Hawks want war?
Non-Intercourse Act
Forbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions
Was this successful? Why or Why not
War Hawks
Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east
Why did the War Hawks want war?
What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?
To allow reopening of trade
National Pride
To stop the impressment of sailors
CANADA!!!
To allow reopening of trade
National Pride
To stop the impressment of sailors
CANADA!!!
What were some drawbacks to going to war?
Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
Military was small
Standing Army was small
Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state borders
Navy was quite small only 22 ships
Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase
Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
Military was small
Standing Army was small
Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state borders
Navy was quite small only 22 ships
Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase
Declaration of War
June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war
Vote was split along regional lines
War started with Invasion of Canada
June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war
Vote was split along regional lines
War started with Invasion of Canada
Key Battles
US Burns York (now Toronto)
US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen
Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie
This gave the US control of Lake Erie
Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard
This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast
US Burns York (now Toronto)
US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen
Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie
This gave the US control of Lake Erie
Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard
This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast
The Roof is on Fire…
In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.
They burn the White House and the Capitol
Madison and Congress Barely escape
In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C.
They burn the White House and the Capitol
Madison and Congress Barely escape
Oh Say Can You See…
Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the British
The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British
After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack
Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.
Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the British
The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British
After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack
Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812
The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory.
The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.
Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812
The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory.
The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.
Battle of New Orleans
Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)
Why was New Orleans important?
Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops
Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name
Ensured treaty ratification
Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)
Why was New Orleans important?
Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops
Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name
Ensured treaty ratification
If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?
Gave the United States a National Identity
We were able to hold our own against the British
Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion
Ended bad feelings toward the British
Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen
Gave the United States a National Identity
We were able to hold our own against the British
Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion
Ended bad feelings toward the British
Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen
War of 1812 Timeline
DATE
EVENT
EVENT
1803-1812
British impress approximately 10,000 Americans forcing them to work on British ships.
British impress approximately 10,000 Americans forcing them to work on British ships.
July 23, 1805
British decide in Essex case that American traders who travel between neutral and enemy ports will allow for the seizing many commercial ships.
British decide in Essex case that American traders who travel between neutral and enemy ports will allow for the seizing many commercial ships.
January 25, 1806
James Madison delivers report concerning British interference and impressment of sailors causing anti-British feelings to arise.
James Madison delivers report concerning British interference and impressment of sailors causing anti-British feelings to arise.
August, 1806
American minister James Monroe and envoy William Pinkney are unable to resolve the major problems between the British and Americans concerning commercial shipping and impressment.
1806
THe British blockade France; American ships are caught in the middle and the British seize approximately 1000 US ships.
American minister James Monroe and envoy William Pinkney are unable to resolve the major problems between the British and Americans concerning commercial shipping and impressment.
1806
THe British blockade France; American ships are caught in the middle and the British seize approximately 1000 US ships.
March 1807
Thomas Jefferson receives the Monroe-Pinkney treaty but does not submit it to Congress because it represents a dismal failure for the Americans.
Thomas Jefferson receives the Monroe-Pinkney treaty but does not submit it to Congress because it represents a dismal failure for the Americans.
June 1807
The American ship Chesapeake is fired on by the British ship Leopard after refusing to be boarded. This creates an international incident.
The American ship Chesapeake is fired on by the British ship Leopard after refusing to be boarded. This creates an international incident.
December 1807
Thomas Jefferson attempts "peaceful coercion" of the British with his embargo but it results in economic disaster for merchants.
Thomas Jefferson attempts "peaceful coercion" of the British with his embargo but it results in economic disaster for merchants.
1811
Battle of Tippecanoe - Tecumseh's brother (the Prophet) leads attack on William Henry Harrison's army of 1000 men.
Battle of Tippecanoe - Tecumseh's brother (the Prophet) leads attack on William Henry Harrison's army of 1000 men.
June 18, 1812
America declares war against the British. This war is known as "Mr. Madison's War" or "The Second American Revolution."
America declares war against the British. This war is known as "Mr. Madison's War" or "The Second American Revolution."
August 16, 1812
U.S. loses Ft. Mackinac as the British invade American territory.
U.S. loses Ft. Mackinac as the British invade American territory.
1812
Three attempts are made by the U.S. to invade Canada. They all end in failure.
Three attempts are made by the U.S. to invade Canada. They all end in failure.
1812
The USS Constitution ("Old Ironsides") defeats the HMS Guerriere.
The USS Constitution ("Old Ironsides") defeats the HMS Guerriere.
January 1813
Battle of Frenchtown. British and Indian allies repel Kentucky troops in bloody fighting. The American survivors are killed in the Raisin River Massacre.
Battle of Frenchtown. British and Indian allies repel Kentucky troops in bloody fighting. The American survivors are killed in the Raisin River Massacre.
April 1813
Battle of York (Toronto). US troops take control of Great Lakes and burn York.
Battle of York (Toronto). US troops take control of Great Lakes and burn York.
September 1813
Battle of Lake Erie. US forces under Captain Perry defeat a British naval attack.
Battle of Lake Erie. US forces under Captain Perry defeat a British naval attack.
October 1813
Battle of Thames (Ontario, Canada). Tecumseh is killed in a US victory.
Battle of Thames (Ontario, Canada). Tecumseh is killed in a US victory.
March 27, 1814
Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Mississippi Territory). Andrew Jackson defeats the Creek Indians.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Mississippi Territory). Andrew Jackson defeats the Creek Indians.
1814
The British plan a 3-part invasion of US: Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, & the mouth of Mississippi River. The British are eventually turned back at Baltimore harbor.
The British plan a 3-part invasion of US: Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, & the mouth of Mississippi River. The British are eventually turned back at Baltimore harbor.
August 24-25, 1814
The British burn Washington, D.C. and Madison flees the White House.
The British burn Washington, D.C. and Madison flees the White House.
September 1814
Battle of Plattsburgh (Lake Champlain). The US secures its northern border with a huge victory over a larger British force.
Battle of Plattsburgh (Lake Champlain). The US secures its northern border with a huge victory over a larger British force.
December 15,1814
The Hartford Convention occurs. A group of Federalists discuss secession and propose seven amendments to protect the influence of Northeastern states.
The Hartford Convention occurs. A group of Federalists discuss secession and propose seven amendments to protect the influence of Northeastern states.
December 24, 1814
Treaty of Ghent. The British and American diplomats agree to return to the status quo from before the war.
Treaty of Ghent. The British and American diplomats agree to return to the status quo from before the war.
January 1815
Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson scores a huge victory and paves the way to the White House. 700 British are killed, 1400 are wounded. The US only loses 8 soldiers.
Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson scores a huge victory and paves the way to the White House. 700 British are killed, 1400 are wounded. The US only loses 8 soldiers.
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